地塞米松对仔猪十二指肠黏膜免疫的影响

为了探讨地塞米松对仔猪肠道黏膜的影响,选用福州周边某猪场30日龄仔猪30头,随机分为6组,3组为试验组,3组为对照组,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别肌肉注射1 mL、2 mL、3 m L地塞米松,对照组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别肌肉注射1 mL、2 m L、3 mL生理盐水;药物试验7 d后,取十二指肠固定、脱水、包埋、切片,经HE染色、阿利新蓝-过碘雪夫(AB-PAS)染色,检测地塞米松对肠道绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度比值、黏液细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞数量的影响。结果表明:长时间过量注射地塞米松抑制肠绒毛生长,显著降低肠绒毛长度和隐窝深度比值,显著性降低仔猪十二指肠上皮酸性黏多糖阳性细胞和上皮内淋巴细胞数量。可见,持续过量注射地塞米松将影响十二指肠黏膜免疫功能。     

姜黄素对乳腺炎模型小鼠细胞免疫的影响

探讨姜黄素(curcumin)对致病性金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus)所诱导的乳腺炎模型小鼠血液中T淋巴细胞亚群及脾脏中NK细胞活性的影响。构建小鼠乳腺炎模型,分别通过流式细胞术、ELISA法、MTT法和平板计数法检测空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、姜黄素组及姜黄乳炎散组血液中CD4^+T、CD8^+T活性和血清中IL-1、IL-2、IL-10的水平,脾脏中NK细胞活性及S.aureus数量的变化差异来监测各组药物抗炎效果。结果显示,相比于模型组,姜黄素组、姜黄乳炎散组和阳性对照组可显著增加乳腺炎小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-10的水平以及脾脏中NK细胞和血液中CD4^+T的活性,显著降低小鼠血清中IL-1的水平以及血液中CD8^+T活性(P<0.05),以姜黄素组效果最佳。结果表明,姜黄素对小鼠乳腺炎具有保护作用,并且姜黄素对S.aureus所诱导的小鼠乳腺炎的抗炎机制可能通过抑制IL-1和CD8^+T水平,增强IL-10、NK、CD4^+T和减少S.aureus的数量而发挥作用。姜黄素可能成为潜在的乳房炎治疗药物。     

3种生物饵料对宽体金线蛭幼蛭生长性能、消化酶活性及免疫力的影响

本试验采用试验生态学方法,分析比较3种生物饵料对宽体金线蛭幼蛭生长性能、消化酶活性及免疫力的影响。将初始平均体质量为(0.027±0.010)g的宽体金线蛭幼蛭随机分为3组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复放置60条幼蛭。3组幼蛭分别以螺蛳(作为对照)、漂螺、蚯蚓为生物饵料。结果显示:漂螺组幼蛭体质量、体长及体宽3项生长指标均显著高于其他2组(P<0.05),3组之间幼蛭成活率无显著差异(P>0.05),整体生长性能由高至低依次为漂螺组、螺蛳组、蚯蚓组。幼蛭体质量与体长、体宽及体积的相关性由强到弱依次为体积(R^2=0.912 0)、体长(R^2=0.8888)、体宽(R^2=0.7717)。幼蛭蛋白酶活性3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),螺蛳组幼蛭淀粉酶活性显著高于漂螺组和蚯蚓组(P<0.05),漂螺组幼蛭脂肪酶活性显著高于螺蛳组和蚯蚓组(P<0.05)。幼蛭超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T AOC)3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。螺蛳组幼蛭碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著高于漂螺组和蚯蚓组(P<0.05)。蚯蚓组幼蛭过氧化氢酶(CAT)、溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于螺蛳组和漂螺组(P<0.05),螺蛳组和漂螺组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合分析得出漂螺对宽体金线蛭幼蛭的促生长作用最佳,并建议依据漂螺营养成分制定幼蛭饲料营养标准,同时可将蚯蚓作为饲料免疫添加剂成分。     

德氏乳杆菌的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用

德氏乳杆菌在维持畜禽肠道健康、促生长和改善肉品质等方面具有重要作用。本文从肠道微生态、机体免疫、抗氧化及脂代谢等方面综述了德氏乳杆菌在动物生产中的应用效果及相关机制。     

植物多糖的功能性研究进展及其在动物生产中的应用

植物多糖作为多功能的天然植物成分,具有来源广泛、高效、无毒副作用等特点。植物多糖作为绿色饲料添加剂,不仅可以增强机体免疫力、抗病力、抗应激能力,还可以调节肠道微生物平衡,改善畜产品品质。本文主要就植物多糖的结构、生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用进行综述,以期为其在动物生产中的应用提供参考依据。     

Effects of different stocking densities on growth performance,antioxidant ability,and immunity of finishing broilers

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different stocking densities on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of broilers. One thousand four hundred and forty 22‐day‐old Lingnan Yellow broilers were randomly allotted to five different stocking density groups (8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds per m²). Each group consisted of three replicates. The results showed that 8 and 10 birds/m² groups had higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) than the others (p < 0.05). Heat shock protein 70 (HSP₇₀) in the group of 16 birds/m² had the highest levels (p < 0.05). The group of 16 birds/m² had the lowest total antioxidant capability (T‐AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activities in blood serum (p < 0.05), and significantly increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) concentration compared to the groups of 8 and 10 birds/m² (p < 0.05). In liver, the group of eight birds/m² had higher T‐AOC levels than that of 12, 14, and 16 birds/m² (p < 0.05) and also higher catalase (CAT) activities than that of 14 and 16 birds/m² (p < 0.05); the group of 10 birds/m² had the highest T‐SOD activities among all groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the above results suggest that stocking density of broilers up to 8 or 10 birds/m² can prevent the negative effects on growth performance and welfare parameters in broilers.     

Addition of Wakame seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) stalk to animal feed enhances immune response and improves intestinal microflora in pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Wakame seaweed stalks on the immunity and intestinal microflora of pigs. Three separate experiments were performed: Relatively young (start at 20–30 kg; Experiments 1 and 2) and fattening period (70 kg; Experiment 3). All pigs (including the control group) were fed the same commercial feed, free from antibiotic additives, but in the feed for the treatment groups, 1% seaweed powder was added. There were no group differences observed in daily weight gain and feed intake in Experiments 1 and 2 between groups; however, daily weight gain was significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control group in Experiment 3. The percentage of peripheral blood natural killer cells of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group in all experiments. Although addition of seaweed changed the gene expression of cytokine and toll‐like receptors of the small intestinal Peyer's patches slightly, seaweed seems to alter intestinal microflora preferentially, for instance, there was an increase in Lactobacillus and a decrease of Escherichia coli observed. These results suggest that Wakame seaweed can be used as supplement for pig feed to improve the gut health and immunity of pigs.     

长期饲喂发酵全价饲料对猪生长、粪便臭味物质、血清抗氧化及免疫性能指标的影响

本试验旨在研究长期饲喂发酵全价饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便臭味物质、血清抗氧化及免疫性能相关指标的影响。试验以地衣芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌为混合发酵菌剂制备发酵全价饲料。选择90头22 kg左右的约荣二元杂交猪,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复5头猪,分别饲喂无抗饲料(对照组),含抗生素的饲料(抗生素组)和发酵全价饲料(发酵组)。饲喂2个月后,测定各试验组猪的生长性能、粪便pH、挥发性臭味物质的含量及血清抗氧化指标、免疫球蛋白水平。结果显示:①全价饲料经发酵后,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著提高(P<0.01),还原力和羟自由基清除力均有升高趋势(P>0.05)。②饲喂两个月发酵全价饲料对各组猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)影响均不显著(P>0.05)。③各组猪的粪便pH及对甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),但发酵组的异戊酸含量显著低于抗生素组(P<0.05)。④各组猪的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,T-AOC及丙二醛(MDA)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05);与对照组相比,发酵组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05),补体蛋白4(C4)含量显著升高(P<0.05),这两项指标与抗生素组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合试验结果,长期饲喂发酵全价饲料对猪生长,粪便pH,粪便主要臭味物质含量及血清抗氧化指标、IgG、IgM水平没有显著影响,没有延续短期饲喂的优势。     

家蚕核型多角体病毒表面展示猪流行性腹泻病毒S1蛋白及其黏膜免疫原性研究

猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)可以通过呼吸道感染在猪群中传播,提示呼吸道粘膜也许可以作为疫苗免疫接种的位点。PEDV通过表面的纤突蛋白S识别受体并侵入宿主细胞,该蛋白质S1区(1~735 aa)是PEDV主要的中和位点以及受体结合域,参与病毒吸附入侵宿主细胞。利用家蚕核型多角体病毒在BmN细胞中表达融合蛋白S1-eGFP并展示于病毒表面,Western blot鉴定融合蛋白分子质量约为150 kD。以重组杆状病毒为免疫原雾化免疫BALB/c小鼠,结果表明免疫16 d后小鼠血清中S1特异性IgG抗体效价可达1∶3 200,血清和肺气管润洗液中都能检测到高水平的S1特异性sIgA,说明引起了较强的黏膜免疫反应;脾淋巴细胞增殖结果进一步表明重组杆状病毒雾化免疫可以有效地诱导小鼠产生细胞免疫。研究结果初步表明,表面展示S1的重组杆状病毒可以作为PEDV黏膜免疫候选疫苗,具有进一步开发研究的价值。     

The conjunctival crypt of the equine third eyelid

The purpose of this study is to characterise the gross anatomy of a relatively large, cryptic structure within the bulbar conjunctival surface of the equine third eyelid that has commonly been observed by the authors during equine ophthalmic examinations. In this study, cadaveric eyes and adnexa were obtained from 13 Quarter Horses without history of ocular disease. The gross anatomy of the bulbar surface of the third eyelid was characterised by digital macrophotography and with an image capture system using an operating microscope. A well-defined cryptic structure was readily identified in the majority of eyes (17/26). The location of the crypt varied but was most commonly observed within the central aspect of the bulbar surface of the third eyelid, often in close proximity to prominent blood vessels oriented perpendicular to the leading edge of the third eyelid. A patch of lymphoid follicles was often observed surrounding the crypt. The rectangular shape and upward facing orientation of the crypt was akin to a shirt's breast pocket. Width and depth were variable but ranged between 1 and 8 mm in either dimension. Some crypts were complex, with multiple channels observed within the primary opening. In conclusion, this study confirms the presence of a well-organised mucosal crypt within the bulbar surface of the equine third eyelid capable of harbouring foreign material and ocular irritants. Additional anatomical characterisation of the macro-crypt by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy is underway. Evaluation of this structure by equine practitioners and veterinary ophthalmologists should be performed during the routine ophthalmic examination to better understand its role in ocular disease.